Near Ambient Pressure XPS (NAP-XPS)
In Near Ambient Pressure XPS (NAP-XPS) systems, samples can be characterized in operando with pressures up to 100 mbar. Such systems can work as backfilling system, in which the whole chamber is filled with gas or in-situ cell systems, where small reaction chamber can be connected to the analyzer, so that a smaller reaction volume also allows for gas characterization. A third way is to exchange the whole analysis chamber or analysis module.
Additional to NAP-XPS, small spot UV-sources have been developed that are able to work under different gas atmospheres by using an Al-window and differential pumping. With this, NAP-UPS investigations (classically with He I and He II radiation) can be carried out in order to investigate changes in the valence band structure in gas pressures of up to 1 mbar.
Systems and Accessories
These techniques demands ultimate energy and resolution. It is necessary to have optimized geometries, lowest magnetic fields, special manipulators for ultralow sample temperatures, special UV or laser sources. Usually, a preparation chamber is needed for sample preparation and surface quality control by LEED. Finally, best pressures are needed to keep the sample surfaces clean.
Reaction Cell
The in-situ reaction cell is designed to keep the sample in a small reaction cell that is placed inside the vacuum chamber hosting the analyzer and the excitation sources. In this way, UHV conditions can be maintained inside the analysis chamber while the in-situ cell is filled up to the required pressure conditions. This allows for the quick exchange from experiments performed under NAP conditions to experiments in UHV. In addition, the small volume of the in-situ cell compared to the volume of the entire vacuum chamber reduces the interaction of gases with the wall surfaces of the chamber. The DeviSim NAP reaction cell itself can be exchanged very easily in order to avoid cross contamination between different experiments.
EnviroESCA
Electron Spectroscopy for Chemical Analysis (ESCA) under Environmental Conditions Allows the Near Ambient Pressure (NAP) XPS Analysis of Catalysts, Liquids and Liquid-Solid Interfaces.The SPECS EnviroESCA is a novel and smart analysis tool, that overcomes the barriers of standard XPS systems by enabling analyses at pressures far above UHV.
EnviroESCA is designed for high-throughput analysis and opens up new applications in the fields of medical technology, biotechnology and the life sciences. It offers the shortest loading-to-measurement time on samples of all types including liquids, tissue, plastics and foils, powders, soil, zeolites, rocks, minerals and ceramics.
In-Situ Electrochemical Cell
Three Electrodes EC-Cell for sample preparation under ambient pressure inert atmosphere.
- in-situ sample preparation in liquid electrolytes under inert gas atmosphere at ambient pressure conditions
- subsequent sample transfer to any UHV system via a stainless steel buffer chamber
- all electrical, liquid and gas connections necessary for an electrochemical experiment are available
Operando Electro Chemical Cell
Operando Electrochemical Cell for NAP-XPS investigations of electrochemical processes at the interface between electrode and electrolyte. It has a three electrodes (WE, RE, CE) and is mounted on a 4-axes manipulator. By rotating the manipulator, the area of interest for NAP-XPS measurements can be easily located.
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